Journal: The Lancet. Infectious Diseases

Article Title: T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study

doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30599-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: MERS-CoV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses in camel workers and controls (A) Frequencies of MERS-CoV-specific CD4+ T cells. (B) Frequencies of MERS-CoV-specific CD8+ T cells. (C) Summary of aggregate CD4+ T-cell responses to all structural peptide pools in different study groups. (D) Summary of aggregate CD8+ T-cell responses to all structural peptide pools in different study groups. (E) CD4+ T-cell responses to MERS-CoV accessory protein-specific peptide pools. (F) Phenotypes of virus-specific CD4+ T cells. (G,H) Phenotypes of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Abattoir workers with exposure to dromedaries are represented by red symbols, those without exposure to dromedaries by green symbols, non-abattoir workers by light blue symbols, MERS-positive controls by dark blue symbols (open shapes represent asymptomatic patients), and negative controls from Guangzhou by purple symbols. Symbol shape identifies the same individual. IFN=interferon. MERS-CoV= Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. TNF=tumour necrosis factor. **=p<0·01. ***=p<0·001.

Article Snippet: Anti-MERS-CoV antibody titres were determined using plaque reduction neutralisation tests., A set of 20-mer peptides overlapping by ten amino acids encompassing the four MERS-CoV (HCoV-EMC/2012) structural proteins (peptides S1, S2, N, and ME encompassing the N-terminal and C-terminal portions of the spike [S] glycoprotein, the nucleocapsid [N] protein, and the transmembrane [M] and envelope [E] proteins) and five accessory proteins (ORF3, ORF4a, ORF4b, ORF5 and ORF8b) were synthesised by Sino Biological (Shanghai, China), and used for stimulation of PBMCs.

Techniques:

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Strategies for the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics in the post-pandemic period

doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01724-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: The summary of COVID-19 vaccines in clinical study

Article Snippet: , CORVax12 - Spike (S) Protein Plasmid DNA Vaccine , OncoSec Immunotherapies; Providence Health & Services , 2 , ID.

Techniques: Vaccines, Formulation, Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation, In Vivo, Virus, Adjuvant, Recombinant, Modification, Expressing, Variant Assay, Bioprocessing, Microarray

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Strategies for the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics in the post-pandemic period

doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01724-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: The summary of currently WHO-approved/PQ evaluating COVID-19 vaccines

Article Snippet: , CORVax12 - Spike (S) Protein Plasmid DNA Vaccine , OncoSec Immunotherapies; Providence Health & Services , 2 , ID.

Techniques: Virus, Modification, Recombinant, Plasmid Preparation, Produced, Adjuvant

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Strategies for the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics in the post-pandemic period

doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01724-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: The summary of authorized or approved COVID-19 therapeutics

Article Snippet: , CORVax12 - Spike (S) Protein Plasmid DNA Vaccine , OncoSec Immunotherapies; Providence Health & Services , 2 , ID.

Techniques: Inhibition, Injection, Mutagenesis, Virus, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Strategies for the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics in the post-pandemic period

doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01724-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and the potential mechanisms of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. (1) Binding to cell: the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein recognizes and binds to the ACE2 receptor on host cells, initiating the process of cellular attachment. This step can be inhibited by neutralizing antibodies from convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies; (2) Fusion or endocytosis: subsequent to attachment, viral fusion or endocytosis with the host cell membrane ensues. Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine, and Chloroquine possess the capacity to modulate this crucial process; (3) Uncoating and genome release: viral uncoating follows, leading to the release of the viral genome and initiation of primary translation. M-pro inhibitors, like Lopinavir and Paxlovid, are tailored to impede this specific stage; (4) RdRp complex assembly: drugs such as Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, and Ribavirin specifically target the assembly process; (5) Viral RNA transcription and replication; (6) Translation of viral mRNA: viral mRNA translates into Nucleocapsid (N) and structural proteins (S, M, and E proteins); (7) Translocated into ER and Golgi: structural proteins are subsequently translocated into the ER and Golgi for maturation. Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine can block this process. (8) Formation of Virions: structural proteins combine with the nucleocapsid; (9) Virus release. Notably, interferons exert regulatory effects at multiple stages of the viral life cycle

Article Snippet: , CORVax12 - Spike (S) Protein Plasmid DNA Vaccine , OncoSec Immunotherapies; Providence Health & Services , 2 , ID.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Cell Attachment Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Bioprocessing, Membrane, Blocking Assay, Virus

Journal: International Journal of Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Subunit microparticulate vaccine delivery using microneedles trigger significant SARS-spike-specific humoral and cellular responses in a preclinical murine model

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122583

Figure Lengend Snippet: Formulation process of PLGA MPs with Spike Glycoprotein.

Article Snippet: “The following reagent was obtained through 10.13039/100015717 BEI Resources , 10.13039/100000060 NIAID , NIH: SARS-CoV Spike (S) Protein deltaTM , Recombinant from Baculovirus, NR-722.” Graphical abstract and other figures created with Biorender.com .

Techniques: Formulation

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Are Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100052

Figure Lengend Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Internalizes and Replicates within hiPSC-CMs In Vitro , Eliciting Cytopathic Effect and Contractility Alterations (A) Human iPSC-CMs exhibit standard sarcomeric markers including cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and α-actinin with DAPI as nuclear counterstain. (B) Immunofluorescence for cTnT and SARS-CoV-2 “spike” protein demonstrates that hiPSC-CMs can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is not present in mock infected cultures. (C) HiPSC-CMs after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not mock infection, exhibit signs of cellular apoptosis, indicated by morphological changes seen in brightfield (BF) and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) production. A second SARS-CoV-2 antibody marks a viral-specific double-stranded intermediate RNA (dsRNA). (D) Magnified inset from (B) shows a merged immunofluorescence image for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, cTnT, and DAPI. Arrows indicate perinuclear accumulation of viral particles and suggest active viral protein translation at perinuclear ribosomes. (E) Magnified inset from (C) shows a merged immunofluorescence image for SARS-CoV-2 dsRNA and DAPI. Arrows indicate dsRNA stain. (F) Quantification of immunofluorescence indicates percentage of total DAPI-positive cells that are positive for spike protein, viral dsRNA, CC3, and dsRNA+CC3 in hiPSC-CMs infected with SARS-CoV-2, compared to mock infection. n = 5–7 images (technical replicates) quantified for each stain for mock and infected conditions. ∗p < 0.05. (G) Quantification of beats per minute in wells containing hiPSC-CMs with mock infection versus wells containing hiPSC-CMs infected with SARS-CoV-2. n = 6 videos (technical replicates) recorded for each condition. See for representative video clips. ∗p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein , BEI Resources , NR-616 Monoclonal Anti-SARS-CoV S Protein (Similar to 240C) SARS coronavirus.

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Infection, Staining

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Are Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100052

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein , BEI Resources , NR-616 Monoclonal Anti-SARS-CoV S Protein (Similar to 240C) SARS coronavirus.

Techniques: Virus, Recombinant, Saline, Software